Yuav ua li cas Stem Cell Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab tau tshawb fawb txog Neuroscience

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kev kawm tib neeg lub hlwb yog muaj peev xwm los tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub paj hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua rau cov nas tsuag uas yog cov tsiaj pub mis. Qhov tsis zoo rau txoj hauv kev no yog tias lub hlwb nas txawv hauv cov qauv thiab ua haujlwm. Raws li Johns Hopkins, tus yam ntxwv, tib neeg lub hlwb kwv yees li 30 feem pua ​​ntawm cov paj hlwb thiab 70 feem pua ​​glia, thaum nas lub hlwb muaj qhov sib piv [1]. MIT cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias dendrites ntawm tib neeg lub paj hlwb nqa cov hluav taws xob sib txawv ntau dua li cov nas neurons [2]. Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab yog kom loj hlob tib neeg lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg siv tshuab qia cell.

Qia hlwb yog cov cell tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nce cov cell sib txawv. Nws yog qhov kev tshawb pom tsis ntev los no rov qab rau 80's. Embryonic qia hlwb tau pom thawj zaug hauv 1981 los ntawm Sir Martin Evans ntawm Cardiff University, UK, tom qab ntawd hauv University of Cambridge, xyoo 2007 Nobel Laureate hauv tshuaj [3].

Xyoo 1998, cais cov tib neeg embryonic qia hlwb tau loj hlob hauv chav kuaj los ntawm James Thomson ntawm University of Wisconsin hauv Madison thiab John Gearhart ntawm Johns Hopkins University hauv Baltimore [4].

Yim xyoo tom qab, Shinya Yamanaka ntawm Kyoto University hauv Nyij Pooj tau tshawb pom ib txoj hauv kev los hloov cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas rau pluripotent qia hlwb siv tus kab mob los qhia plaub lub noob [5]. Pluripotent qia hlwb muaj peev xwm txhim kho mus rau lwm hom cell. Yamanaka, nrog rau John B. Gurdon, yeej qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj 2012 rau kev tshawb pom tias cov hlwb laus tuaj yeem rov tsim dua los ua pluripotent [6]. Lub tswv yim no yog hu ua induced pluripotent stem cells, lossis iPSCs.

Hauv xyoo 2013, pab pawg tshawb fawb European ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, coj los ntawm Madeline Lancaster thiab Juergen Knoblich, tsim peb-dimensional (3D) cerebral organoid siv tib neeg pluripotent qia hlwb uas "loj hlob txog plaub millimeters loj thiab tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob ntev li 10 lub hlis. . [7]. ”Xov. Qhov no yog qhov kev kov yeej loj raws li cov qauv neuron ua ntej tau ua hauv 2D.

Tsis ntev los no, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2018, pab pawg ntawm Tufts-coj cov kws tshawb fawb tau nce tus qauv 3D ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg uas nthuav tawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb tsawg kawg rau cuaj lub hlis. Txoj kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2018 hauv ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm American Chemical Society [8].

Los ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom thawj zaug ntawm cov qia hlwb hauv cov nas kom loj hlob 3D tib neeg lub paj hlwb cov qauv los ntawm pluripotent qia hlwb hauv tsawg dua 40 xyoo, qhov kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav dav. Cov 3D tib neeg lub paj hlwb cov qauv no tuaj yeem pab tshawb fawb yav dhau los hauv kev nrhiav kev kho mob tshiab rau Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, nqaij ntshiv dystrophy, qaug dab peg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (tseem hu ua ALS lossis Lou Gehrig tus kab mob), thiab ntau lwm yam kab mob thiab teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb. Cov cuab yeej uas cov kws kho paj hlwb siv rau kev tshawb fawb tau hloov pauv hauv kev txawj ntse, thiab qia hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev nce qib kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso Txhua txoj cai qhaib.

2. Rosso, Cami. "Vim Li Cas Tib Neeg Lub Hlwb Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws?" Psychology Niaj hnub no. Lub Kaum Hli 19, 2018.

3. Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Cardiff. "Sir Martin Evans, Nobel nqi zog hauv Tshuaj." Tau txais los ntawm 23 Lub Kaum Hli 2018 los ntawm http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Lub plawv Saib. "Stem Cell Sijhawm." 2015 Plaub Hlis-Lub Rau Hli. Tau txais los ntawm 10-23-2018 los ntawm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Yuav ua li cas iPS hlwb hloov lub ntiaj teb." Xwm. 15 Lub Rau Hli 2016.

6. Qhov khoom plig Nobel (2012-10-08). "Qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj 2012 [Xovxwm Tso]. Tau txais los ntawm 23 Lub Kaum Hli 2018 los ntawm https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. "Cov kws tshawb fawb loj hlob 3-D Tib Neeg Lub Hlwb Tissues." MIT Technology Txheeb Xyuas. Lub yim hli ntuj 28, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Peirent, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. " Muaj nuj nqi thiab Sustainable 3D Human Neural Network Models los ntawm Pluripotent Stem Cells. "ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm American Chemical Society. Lub Kaum Hli 1, 2018.