Kev Sib Deev Sib Txawv Hauv Lub Hlwb thiab Tus Cwj Pwm: Yim Yim Cov Ntsiab Lus

Zoo Siab

• Kev Sib Deev Tseem Ceeb Nyeem
• Vim Li Cas Nws Zoo Li Lwm Tus Neeg Txaus Siab Rau Kev Sib Deev Ntau Tshaj Li Koj Ua

Ib co-authored Cwm pwm ntawm tus kheej tshaj tawm los ntawm Marco Del Giudice, David A. Puts, David C. Geary, thiab David P. Schmitt

"Yim Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Txog Kev Sib Deev, Poj Niam, Lub Hlwb, thiab Tus Cwj Pwm: Phau Ntawv Qhia rau Kev Kawm Ntawv, Cov Neeg Sau Xov Xwm, Cov Niam Txiv, Cov Neeg Tawm Tsam Ntau Tus Tub Ntxhais, Social Justice Warriors, Tweeters, Facebookers, and Everyone Else" is a new, attention-worthy article los ntawm Cordelia Fine, Daphna Joel, thiab Gina Rippon (Fine li al., 2019). Cov kws sau ntawv no txhawj xeeb tias kev sib deev sib txawv feem ntau piav raws li txhua tus-lossis-tsis muaj binaries ("poj niam zoo li no thiab txiv neej zoo li ntawd") thiab tib neeg zoo li tsis xav txog qhov piav qhia qhov sib txawv rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau lom lom (ib yam ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav ; Gelman & Rhodes, 2012). Xws li kev xav yog, qhov tseeb, ob qho tsis raug thiab cuam tshuam rau kev nce qib kev tshawb fawb kom raug ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv. Hauv tsab xov xwm, Fine thiab cov npoj yaig tau teeb tsa los muab cov lus qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus xav rau kev kawm thiab cov pej xeem thoob plaws, los pab lawv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib deev sib txawv hauv lub hlwb thiab tus cwj pwm. Nov yog lub hom phiaj qhuas, thiab peb txhawb nqa nws.

(Nco tseg: Raws li kev tsom xam ntawm kab lus thawj yog nyob ntawm pab pawg sib piv ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam, ntawm no peb siv "kev sib deev" raws li cov lus piav qhia. , thiab peb tsis ntseeg tias qhov sib xyaw "poj niam txiv neej/poj niam txiv neej" yuav ua ntau yam los piav qhia qhov teeb meem; saib Del Giudice, 2019).

Ib Lub Zeem Muag Sib Txawv

Xyoo dhau los, peb tau kawm ntau yam ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv, thiab peb pom ntau yam uas nyiam nyob hauv kab lus los ntawm Fine thiab cov npoj yaig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov lus sib cav zoo li yog los ntawm kev xav tias feem ntau kev sib deev sib txawv yog qhov me me, tsis sib xws, ua tsis tau zoo, thiab rau feem ntau tsim kev sib raug zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv cov lus qhia rau kev xav tseem ceeb yuav ua rau ib leeg ib sab; yog tias siv tau, lawv ua rau muaj kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no.

Raws li peb pom nws, txo qis qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev tseem ceeb thiab txo nqi lawv cov keeb kwm keeb kwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj (rau kev tshawb fawb thiab zej zog loj) raws li ua rau lawv ntau dhau thiab lees paub cov lus piav qhia yooj yim ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag tus nqi. Txhua yam yooj yim heev, kev thuam ib leeg tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab yooj yim, ntseeg siab dhau, tsis quav ntsej, thiab muaj pov thawj ob tus qauv (van Prooijen & Krouwel, 2019). Kev ncaj ncees, kev sib cav tswv yim pej xeem hais txog kev sib deev sib txawv xav tau kev pom dav nrog kev txaus siab rau qhov sib txawv thiab koom nrog nrog txhua sab ntawm lo lus nug.

Hauv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm txoj hauv kev sib luag, tom qab ntawd, peb thov yim " Counterpoints ”Rau Fine thiab cov npoj yaig qub“ yam koj xav paub ”txog kev sib deev sib txawv. Hauv txhua qhov, peb nco qhov twg peb pom zoo nrog tus kws sau ntawv, taw qhia ib qho kev tsis pom zoo, thiab qhia lwm yam tseem ceeb kom paub uas tsis tau hais hauv kab lus thawj. Txhawm rau khaws peb yim Cov Ntsiab Lus Nyeem Ntawv luv luv thiab nyeem tau, peb tsis tsim peb cov lus sib cav ntawm qhov ntev tab sis muab txuas rau piv txwv, kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, thiab kev sib tham tob.

Counterpoint 1: Qhov Tsis Zoo Thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo

Peb thib ob tus kws sau ntawv ceeb toom txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib deev ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab kev tshaj tawm tsis ncaj ncees. Cov teeb meem no tau nthuav dav hauv txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev tshawb fawb sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej yeej tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Neuroimaging kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv yuav muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv qhov piv txwv me me (tab sis saib Lub ntsiab lus 6 hauv qab no). Qhov ntawd tau hais tias, qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej sib txawv hauv tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm tau hloov pauv ntau zaus hauv cov qauv loj (ntau txhiab txog ntau pua txhiab), siv cov txheej txheem thiab ntsuas zoo ib yam. Arguably, qee qhov kev tshawb pom no - piv txwv txog kev txaus siab rau yam piv rau tib neeg, kev nyiam ua phooj ywg, kev sib deev, thiab kev ua phem - yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab hloov pauv tau hauv kev xav. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, xyoo kaum-xyoo kev tsis ntseeg hais txog kev muaj lossis tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv tau ua rau muaj kev sim ntau dua thiab yog li qhov kev paub tob tob dua li qhov xwm txheej hauv lwm thaj chaw ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab lub hlwb kev tshawb fawb (saib Archer, 2019; Geary, 2010 ).

Daim iav daim duab ntawm cov txheej txheem luam tawm tsis ncaj ncees yog hu ua " thim rov qab ": Kev nrhiav pom uas tsis zoo siab rau kev xav lossis lub tswv yim yog vim li cas feem ntau nyuaj rau tshaj tawm, thiab xaus rau kev ua phem (piv txwv li, tsis xa rau cov txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov kws kho mob) lossis ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb poob qis (rau qhov piv txwv zoo, saib Clark & ​​Hatfield, 2003) . Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Txom Nyem thiab cov npoj yaig sau ntawv yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees ib txwm ua haujlwm kom nthuav dav kev sib deev sib txawv, tab sis peb xav tsis thoob tias qhov no tsis yog.

Tsawg kawg txij li Maccoby thiab Jacklin phau ntawv xyoo 1974, Psychology ntawm Kev Sib Deev Sib Txawv , kev muaj zog zeitgeist nyob rau hauv kev xav tau tuav tias muaj ob peb yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hla cov poj niam txiv neej (qhov tseem ceeb siv rau hauv phau ntawv ntawd, xws li cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws los ntawm Thaiv 1976, feem ntau tsis nco qab lawm). Txawm tias yog kev saib tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm phau ntawv qhia txog keeb kwm kev xav yuav qhia tau tias qhov no tseem yog tsib caug xyoo tom qab (Winegard li al., 2014). Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, ntau tus kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kws kho paj hlwb - suav nrog Fine thiab cov npoj yaig lawv tus kheej -tau sib cav tias kev thov ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg. Txog qhov uas cov tswv yim no tau nthuav dav (Buss & von Hippel, 2018; Horowitz li al., 2014; Jonason & Schmitt, 2016), nws tsim kev txhawb siab rau qhov muaj zog cuam tshuam tsis zoo rov qab. Nco ntsoov tias kev tsis txaus siab rov qab tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshwj xeeb: Yog tias muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam tsis tau luam tawm lossis tham txog hauv cov ntawv, nws yuav tsis lees paub kiag li rau qee lub sijhawm.

Ib qho ntawm peb tau ntsib qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis txaus siab rov qab thaum khiav meta-tsom xam ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv hauv kev sib hlub. Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog, tsuas yog kwv yees li 20% suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv txaus los xam qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab txawm tias tsawg dua los yeej tau suav thiab sib tham hauv daim ntawv (Del Giudice, 2011). Hauv kev sau ib phau ntawv hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev tshwj xeeb (Geary, 2015), lwm tus ntawm peb pom tib qho kev tsis ncaj ncees (piv txwv li, tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm txog kev sib deev sib txawv lossis txheeb cais tshem tawm lawv raws li "cuam tshuam") thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog toxicology, parasitology, thiab oncology. Thaum kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv qee qhov haujlwm yuav nyiam tshaj tawm txog kev sib deev sib txawv, muaj ntau qhov haujlwm uas cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li ua qhov muag tsis pom ntawm lawv. Peb pom zoo nrog feminist Alice Eagly (1987), Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Poj Niam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, thiab lwm tus uas sib cav tias kev sib deev sib txawv yuav tsum raug sau tseg thiab tshaj tawm, tsis hais txog qhov loj me lossis qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev Sib Deev Tseem Ceeb Nyeem

Vim Li Cas Nws Zoo Li Lwm Tus Neeg Txaus Siab Rau Kev Sib Deev Ntau Tshaj Li Koj Ua